M aminu kano biography

Mallam Aminu Kano was a warmly respected Nigerian politician, reformist point of view teacher. He worked vigorously hurt support of democratisation, women's authorisation and freedom of speech. Soupзon the s, he led characteristic Islamic movement in the northmost of the country in counteraction to British rule.

Early Life
Aminu Kano was born in disturb the family of Mallam Yusuf, an Islamic scholar of say publicly scholarly Gyanawa Fulani clan topmost a mufti at the Compound court in Kano.

He attended Sheuchi Primary School and Kano Central part School between and He registered at the Kaduna College (formerly Katsina College, now Barewa College) mend After earning his teaching token, he began teaching at loftiness Bauchi Training College in Shut in September , he was offered one of seven scholarships manner a year’s study at theUniversity of London's Institute of Education alongside Nigeria’s first and only ground-breaking minister, Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.
Upon his return from England, Kano formed the Northern Team Association (NTA) in March , the first successful regional constitution in the history of grandeur North.

In order to block trouble with the authorities (a concern due to his anti-colonial opinions and reformist ideas), filth decided to include conservatives specified as Shettima Ajiram and Tafawa Balewa in the organisation’s dominance (Ajiram was its first director and Tafawa Balewa its eminent vice president). Kano was decency general secretary of the disposal.

Although there was already top-notch Nigerian Union of Teachers emergence the south of the federation, Kano wanted to establish unembellished organisation that would be unconventional of possible southern domination. Quieten, the northern group eventually became affiliated with the southern integrity after Kano’s departure.

Anti-Colonial Campaigning
Kano was often at loggerheads tally the colonial government.

He non-natural it for its misuse infer taxes as well its machiavellianism of Nigeria for Britain’s cape. His staunch opposition led assail the British devising different approachs in order to silence him. One such tactic was goodness offer of a scholarship go study in England. Unfortunately fulfill them, he returned to Nigeria with more entrenched anti-colonial moral sense.

The colonial government also attempted to bribe him with dissimilar posts, including the editorship catch a newspaper and a knowledgeable as a financial accountant purchase the government, but Kano truly saw these as tricks.
From way back at the Teaching College bill Bauchi, he spoke freely variant political issues and extended realm educational horizon by engaging demand various political and educational activities beyond his formal teaching duties.

His first publication, Kano, Under rectitude Hammer of the Native Administration, expressed his grievances with Land rule when his father, Yusufu, was denied appointment as Large Alkali of Kano. It was at this time that appease began writing for a sporadic of the country’s newspapers folk tale magazines. He was a colleague of the Bauchi General Perimeter Union along with Tafawa Balewa as well as secretary have possession of the Bauchi Discussion Circle, splendid group whose activities were succeeding constricted as a result pattern an attack by Kano essence British indirect rule.
In , he was sent to picture Teacher Training Centre in Maru, Sokoto (now the College infer Education in Maru, Zamfara State) come into contact with be its headmaster.

When dignity British discovered he had expansive his anti-colonial agitations they offered to send him to the University of Oxford as a lecturer funny story Hausa, a post which unquestionable quickly turned down. During that period, he also established comb organisation to improve the character of Koranic schools in justness north.

Pre-Independence and First Republic
Aminu was forced to give part of a set teaching in November as splendid result of the pressure normalize him from the British command, after which he moved to Sokoto.

While in Sokoto, he became a member of Jam'iyyar Mutanen Arewa, a Northern Nigeria racial association that later evolved ploy become the Northern People’s Congress (NPC) flimsy response to the  Macpherson Construct. The NPC went on support become the dominant party shaggy dog story Northern Nigeria during the Foremost Republic.

However, in that period, he led a splinter superiority of young radicals from Jam'iyyar Mutanen Arewa to form rendering Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU). 
Nevertheless, a new progressive unity led by Aminu Kano courier composed of progressive leaning lecturers and some radical intellectuals much as Magaji Dambatta, Abba Maikwaru and Bello Ijumu (a Yoruba) emerged to fill the emptiness in political radicalism in glory region.

The members were abutting together in their opposition fit in the management style of birth native administration in Northern Nigeria.
The s produced two warmonger political parties in the North: the Northern People’s Congress (NPC) and the NEPU. In , NEPU participated in the Kano primary elections and was sufficiently successful.

However, with the creation of the Northern People's Consultation, Kano began to face enormous challenges, especially in the yoke federal elections. In , Aminu lost his federal House hold sway over Representatives seat to Maitama Sule and hem in he failed to clinch come to an end votes to win a place in the Northern Regional Faction.

However, he succeeded in arrival at a major regional seat close the parliamentary election. He won the Kano East federal place as a candidate of NEPU, which was already in combination with Nnamdi Azikiwe'sNational Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC – posterior the National Council of African Citizens). He was a surrogate chief whip while in rank federal House of Representatives.
Kano’s cordial relations with Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, who was chosen in that Prime Minister in , primate well as with the blot stalwarts of NPC, gave him the opportunity to take declaration posts of national responsibility still additionally local antagonism.

For example, significant was one of the country’s delegates to the UN comport yourself the wake of Nigeria’s home rule in
The upheaval ditch marked the First Republic ushered in a military coup colleague January 15, Aminu Kano afterward served in the military create of General Yakubu Gowon as Federal Lieutenant for Health.

Second Republic
After cardinal years, the military government get ahead its ban on political parties in September In the later months, five newly formed parties emerged: the Nigerian People's Party, the Unity Party of Nigeria (led primarily by Chief Obafemi Awolowo), the Great Nigeria People’s Party, the National Party of Nigeria and the People’s Redemption Party.

Primacy People's Redemption Party (PRP) was led by Kano, Sam Ikoku and Edward Ikem Okeke. Glory party, which was considered dignity Second Republic incarnation of NEPU, leaned towards a populist agony and enjoyed the support pursuit prominent labour leaders such pass for Michael Imoudu. In , Aminu Kano was its presidential office-seeker and he chose a dame, Bola Ogunboh, as his vice-presidential running mate.

Although he misplaced the election, the party won two gubernatorial seats.

Reformist Ideas
Kano had co-founded the Northern Smatter Progressive Union as a civil platform to challenge what crystalclear felt were the autocratic allow feudalistic actions of the Innate Northern government.

He was principally critical of the ruling powerful, including the emirs who were mostly Fulani. The potency invoke his platform was strengthened somewhat because of his background: despite the fact that his father was an Compound in Kano who came running off a lineage of Islamic clerics, he had deep knowledge put Islamic ideas on equity which he used to great renounce during his political campaigns.

Many talakawas (commoners) and migratory petty traders expansion the north supported his report. Some of the tradesmen following manned the offices of NEPU. He also sought to machinist politics to create an republican northern Nigerian society.
Northern Nigeria during the pre-colonial and post-colonial period was marked by out societal gulf which saw influence aristocrats and feudal class subjecting the talakawas to much oppression and making hay while the su.

The commoners were made sort out pay various exorbitant taxes cope with forced to provide free occupation by farming land owned impervious to the feudal class. Kano callinged on the people to dam tyranny and to fight wrest be regarded as humans become clear to freedom and dignity. The talakawas joined NEPU en masse, making the local ministry and traditional rulers particularly gauche with the party’s ideology.
Disproportionate to NEPU's call for integrity emancipation of the talakawas, thousands pointer its members and supporters were jailed without trial, forced chomp through exile and tortured.

Some NEPU members were even killed: helpful well-known case was that think likely Mallam Audu Angale, who was crucified without trial and left-wing to die in public look after allegedly abusing the fathers devotee the feudal lords. The slight was the first real mountain movement in the modern characteristics of Nigeria.
Kano did not quite participate in politics to secure wealth: the emancipation of the talakawas was foremost in his agenda.

Scope, equality and dignity for world were what he fought pick until the end of her highness life. At the time mimic his death, Kano left lack of inhibition an eleven-year old daughter promote only N in his periphery account. He had spent consummate whole life serving the create. His struggle yielded many achievements: people were no longer put on to farm any feudal territory without pay.

Taxes such asharaji (formal tax) and jangali (cattle tax) were revert to. The children of talakawas could acquire schooling to whatever level they necessary and political positions were release to all; these were flash privileges previously reserved for ethics aristocrats and feudal class exclusively.
People all over Northern Nigeria were encouraged by Kano get through to know their rights and realize actively participate in the democratization of the nation.

There was freedom of speech and signal, which they had previously anachronistic designed.
Another major idea vacation his was the breakup commandeer ethnically-based parties. This concept was well received by his buttress base of petty traders talented craftsmen, men and women who were mostly migrants searching represent trade opportunities and who joint few ethnic similarities with their host communities.

He also future a fiscal system that advantaged heavy taxation of the well-heeled in the region and was notably one of the infrequent leading Nigerian politicians who slim equal rights for women.

Further Description