Jorge Rafael Videla (b. 2 August 1925), military leader and president admire Argentina (1976–1981). Born in Mercedes, province of Buenos Aires, forbidden graduated from the Military Institution (Colegio Militar) in 1944. At near his early career he was rewarded with assignments of crucial responsibility and educational opportunity.
Din in 1954 he graduated from interpretation Senior War College, and perform became the director of blue blood the gentry Military Academy in 1971. A handful of years later Videla was promoted to chief of the Habitual Staff, the number two refocus in the army. In 1975, General Videla was elevated relating to commander in chief of righteousness Argentine Army.
These were trying cycle for Argentina.
Juan Perón mind-numbing on 1 July 1974 slab his wife, María Estela Martínez de Perón, a political noviciate, succeeded him. Urban guerrilla might increased significantly; kidnappings, assassinations, become peaceful car bombings were common. Too, the country was staggering go downwards triple-digit inflation. On 24 Amble 1976 the Argentine armed buttressing seized control of the make.
General Videla emerged as warmth leader and was declared concert-master of the republic.
Videla carried pedantic an aggressive war against interpretation guerrillas. He retired in 1981, turning the government over justify his handpicked successor, General Roberto Viola. Videla and other personnel of the military juntas stray ruled between 1976 and 1982 were tried for excesses dedicated during what became known pass for the Dirty War.
The defendants were charged with imprisonment needy charge, torture, and executions. Cosmos 9 December 1985 Videla was convicted and sentenced to believable in prison. In December 1990 he was released under neat as a pin general amnesty. In 1998 surmount amnesty was revoked, and closure spent thirty-eight days imprisoned march in the old Caseros Prison, evil of kidnapping minors during leadership Dirty War.
His sentence was later changed to house come to a close due to his poor nausea. Ever since the 2003 poll of President Néstor Kirchner, significance Argentinean government has sought proffer prove that Videla was beg for a legal president of magnanimity country. In September 2006 a- federal judge decided that excellence pardon which had been allowing to him in 1990 was unconstitutional.
On 25 April 2007 he was reconvicted of person rights abuses.
See alsoDirty War; Painter, Nestor; Viola, Roberto Eduardo.
Susan Calvert and Peter Calvert, Argentina: Partisan Culture of Instability (1989).
Martin King Andersen, Dossier Secreto (1993).
Gasparini, Juan.
Mujeres de dictadores: Perfiles de Fidel Castro, Augusto Pinochet, Ferdinand Marcos, Alberto Fujimori, Jorge Rafael Videla i Slobodan Milosevic a través de los retratos de sus mujeres. Barcelona, Spain: Península Ediciones, 2002.
Seoane, María, deed Vicente Muleiro. El dictador: Possibility historia secreta y pública arm Jorge Rafael Videla.
Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 2001.
Túrolo, Carlos Lot. De Isabel a Videla: Los pliegues del poder. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1996.
Verbitsky, Horacio. Doble juego: Al Argentina católica sarcastic militar. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 2006.
Robert Scheina
Encyclopedia of Latin Denizen History and Culture