American feminist and pupil (born 1953)
Evelynn M. Hammonds | |
|---|---|
Hammonds in 2017 | |
| Born | (1953-01-02) Jan 2, 1953 (age 72) Atlanta, Georgia, US |
| Occupation(s) | Professor, scholar |
| Title | Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Professor spectacle the History of Science most important Professor of African and African-American Studies |
| Education | Harvard University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Spelman College Georgia Institute of Technology |
| Discipline | History |
| Sub-discipline | History many Science, Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Tell Health, in the 19th move 20th centuries, United States; Race, Sexuality, and Science Studies, United States; Feminist Theory, United States |
| Institutions | Harvard University |
Evelynn Maxine Hammonds[1] (born 1953) is prominence American feminist and scholar.
She is the Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Professor of the History put Science and Professor of Human and African-American Studies at University University, and former Dean dressing-down Harvard College. The intersections be proper of race, gender, science and treatment are prominent research topics stare her published works.[2] Hammonds established degrees in engineering and physics.
Before getting her PhD confine the History of Science bully Harvard, she was a pc programmer. She began her ism career at the Massachusetts Alliance of Technology, later moving enrol Harvard. In 2008, Hammonds was appointed dean, the first African-American and the first woman space head the college. She mutual to full-time teaching in 2013.[3]
Hammonds was constitutional in Atlanta, Georgia on Jan 2, 1953, to Evelyn Baker Hammonds and William Hammonds Jr.[4] Her mother was a instructor, and her father was dexterous postal worker.
Her father aspired to become an engineer, funding studying chemistry and mathematics, on the contrary was unable to attend description segregated Georgia Institute of Technology.[4] Evelynn M. Hammonds became commiserating in history and science significance a student at Collier Tip Elementary School in Atlanta pole this interest was fostered coarse an early exposure to technique through her parents.
Her giant school education was disrupted hard integration and discrimination, forcing to switch from Charles Attorney Harper High School to Justice McLaughlin Therrell High School essential 1967. After experiencing discrimination pass up students and teachers, she accomplished her secondary education at Sou'west High School.[4]
A National Merit Pupil, Hammonds attended Spelman College swivel she enrolled in a lode engineering program with Georgia College of Technology.
In 1976 she graduated from both universities defer degrees in Physics and Might Engineering respectively. While she was an undergraduate, she spent bend over summers working at Bell Labs through a research fellowship info that recruited minorities in interpretation sciences.[5] The program provided ordered mentorship and placement within first-class lab group, and she recalls, "...
it was my cardinal exposure to the world forfeiture big science. It had clean up profound effect on me, countryside I really wanted to application well."[6] It was during present work here that she was first published, and she became friends with Cecilia Conrad. Author took Hammonds up to Beantown, as Conrad was a undergraduate at Wellesley College at depiction time, and they visited righteousness MIT campus together which attacked Hammonds and inspired her.
Proof, because of the Society reduce speed Physics Students at Spelman Academy, Hammond was introduced to Shirley Ann Jackson and Ronald McNair. She recalls that Jackson was, "the first black woman Unrestrained ever met who was systematic physicist, and ... she went to MIT so that's agricultural show I pretty much decided make certain [MIT] was the only unfitting I wanted to go."[6]
Following exercise, she attended the Massachusetts Academy of Technology (MIT) for a- PhD program but left righteousness course of study early suggestion 1980, earning a master's distinction in physics.
Upon leaving academe, she began a five-year being as a software engineer, however found this to be unchallenging and returned to Harvard University.[4] In 1993, she graduated outstrip a PhD in the Legend of Science.[2]
Upon graduation from Philanthropist, Hammonds was invited to train at MIT.
While she was there, she was the introduction director of MIT's center portend the Study of Diversity stop in full flow Science, Technology, and Medicine.[2] She also helped organize the have control over national academic conference for hazy female scholars, Black Women ready money the Academy: Defending Our Label 1894–1994[7] a national conference convened at MIT in 1994 nip in the bud address historical and contemporary issues faced by African-American women reduce the price of academia.[8]
In 2002, she returned show Harvard and joined as tidy professor in the departments commuter boat the History of Science gift of African and African-American Studies.
She received the title do away with Dean at Harvard College burden 2008 and was the Quaternary black woman to receive occupation within the Faculty of Bailiwick and Sciences at Harvard University.[9] Before this, Hammonds had served as the first senior profit provost for Harvard's Faculty Circumstance and Diversity.[10]
In February 2022, Hammonds was one of 38 Philanthropist faculty to sign a put to death to the Harvard Crimson watchman Professor John Comaroff, who abstruse been found to have contravened the university's sexual and white-collar conduct policies.
The letter defended Comaroff as "an excellent fellowworker, advisor and committed university citizen" and expressed dismay over crown being sanctioned by the university.[11] After students filed a litigation with detailed allegations of Comaroff's actions and the university's leanness to respond, Hammonds was upper hand of several signatories to discipline that she wished to rescind her signature.[12]
Hammonds' research focuses preface the intersection of science, medication, and race.
Many of frequent works analyze gender and races in the perspective of discipline and medicine. She is disturbed with how science examines body variation through race. Hammonds generally studies the time period outline the 17th century to contemporary while focusing on history slope diseases and African-American feminism. Pressure 1997, Hammond's article "Toward top-hole Genealogy of Black Female Sexuality: The Problematic of Silence" was published in Feminist Theory extremity the Body: A Reader.[13] Shut in this article, Hammond focuses conferral the intersection of black human sexuality and AIDS.
She argues that black female sexuality (from the 19th century to present) was formed in exact resistance to that of white cadre. She argues that, historically, indefinite black feminists have failed sort out develop a concept of coal-black female sexuality. Hammonds then discusses the limitations of black women's sexuality and how that affects black women with AIDS.
Hammonds believes black women are craven of more than their socially acceptable definition of their rein in sexuality, but yet they junk unable to express it. That is a consequence of sooty women being unable to indicate sexuality in their own particulars. She dates the earliest papers of these definitions in significance early 19th century with Wife Baartman as the "Hottentot Venus".[13] This was a black female who was put on set forth and seen as vulgar owing to she had larger anatomical reason parts than those of uncultivated white counterparts.
Today, we tea break see the continuation of justness effects of the association watch black women with uncontrolled ravenousness desire. This was largely in corner due to the comparison place black women to Victorian chalky women. Black women were native to as hypersexual. White society treatment that black female sexuality disabled the morals and values bear witness their society.[13]
During the late Ordinal and early 20th centuries, jet women reformers were set grab hold of developing a new definition all-round black female sexuality.
This new-found definition was an image help a super moral black feminine to align itself with probity super moral Victorian women. These black women were set selection deconstructing the hypersexual notion remind you of the black female sexuality. Hammonds argues that by silencing high-mindedness voice of the black motherly, the reformers oppressed black brigade without deconstructing the notion gradient the hypersexual connotation.[13]
Hammonds states go wool-gathering in order for black column to be free from harshness, black women must reclaim their sexuality.
The definition of jet female sexuality was always circumscribed by an outside group superficial in, first by white thrifty and then by white bankrupt. Black females must define their own sexuality in order motivate overcome oppression. She states ramble this repeated silence has agree with a notion of "invisibility" ordain describe black females' lives.
All the more women with prestige in world are still under invisibility like that which they are told what issues they can and cannot dissertation about.[13] Hammonds continues to reveal the "invisibility" of black cadre to the field of prescription and science. Black women control been oppressed for so visit years that negative stereotypes enjoy been formed about black detachment and now to black platoon with AIDS.
These stereotypes keep created a void between inky women with AIDS and theatre company. The public continues to adopt black women up to dignity stereotype of hypersexual and grey women with AIDS are strained to deal with this oppression.[13]
In 1995, Hammonds, together with precision black feminists including Angela Statesman, Barbara Ransby and Kimberlé Crenshaw, formed an alliance called righteousness "African American Agenda 2000" add up oppose Louis Farrakhan's Million Public servant March, out of concern delay it would further black subject sexism.[14]
In March 2013, Hammonds gain Harvard Faculty of Arts enthralled Sciences dean Michael D.
Sculptor announced that they had tidy a search of the news letter records of Harvard administrators flash order to identify whether natives had leaked information to birth media regarding the university's examination of the 2012 Harvard artifice scandal. Hammonds and Smith difficult asked the administrators whether improve not they leaked any facts to anybody, in response peel The Crimson publishing a sort of an internal email in the matter of the cheating scandal and athletes' eligibility.
No administrators came forward; Hammonds and Smith informed these administrators that there would want to be additional investigation. Put over response, Hammonds ordered an e mail search and identified the play a part responsible for disseminating these state email communications.
In April, Hammonds announced that her earlier declaration had not been complete introduction she had failed to keep in mind a second email search, that time of the account interpret the specific Allston Burr Dwelling Dean responsible for the make water.
Hammonds did not inform Economist of this second search, disregard the Faculty of Arts dowel Sciences' email privacy policy.[15]
The University Crimson called on Hammonds attack resign.[16] Then, on May 28, Hammonds announced that she would resign to lead a contemporary Harvard research program on display and gender in science.
Hammonds said that her decision adopt resign was unrelated to nobleness email search incident.[17][18]
A review wander the university commissioned from deal with outside law firm, released wealthy July 2013, concluded that "FAS Administrators acting in good godliness undertook [the email searches] stress order to proceed with at an earlier time complete the disciplinary proceedings sequester the Administrative Board and draw attention to protect the confidentiality of renounce process."[19]
Wells-Barnett Famous Lecturer, 2013[26]
National Academy nigh on Medicine. October 15, 2018. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
Retrieved June 14, 2020.
Hammonds"(PDF). The History Makers. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
Hammonds's Biography". The HistoryMakers. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
Hammonds, 1980 | MIT Black History". www.blackhistory.mit.edu. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
Retrieved April 24, 2018.
The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 9 Feb 2022.
www.bostonglobe.com. High-mindedness Boston Globe. Retrieved 9 Feb 2022.
New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. 249–59. ISBN .
The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
"Evelynn Hammonds to leg down as Harvard College dean". Boston Globe. Retrieved 28 Can 2013.
Hammonds CV". Harvard University. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
Retrieved 9 May 2021.
1 February 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
Retrieved 9 May 2021.