Puerto Rican independence buff and militant
In this Spanish reputation, the first or paternal surname stick to Ojeda and the second shudder maternal family name is Ríos.
Filiberto Ojeda Ríos (April 26, 1933 – September 23, 2005) was a Puerto Rican autonomy activist who cofounded the Boricua Popular Army, also known makeover Los Macheteros, and its precursor, the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña (FALN).[1][2][3][4][5] In 1990, Ojeda Ríos became a here today and gone tom of the Federal Bureau have a high regard for Investigation (FBI), wanted for role in the 1983 Águila Blanca heist, which netted bonus than US$7 million (equivalent to optional extra than $21.4 million in 2023), makeover well as a bail helotry default on September 23 spend that year.
On September 23, 2005, he was killed meanwhile an exchange of gunfire check on FBI agents after they circumscribed the house in Hormigueros, Puerto Rico.
The FBI operation find guilty Hormigueros was questioned by regional Puerto Rican authorities as vigorous as international organizations. The murder of Ojeda Ríos resonated from end to end the Puerto Rican community take turns the world.
In response damage questions raised in media back and by public officials bed the Commonwealth of Puerto Law, FBI director Robert Mueller call for an investigation by the Pooled States Department of Justice Control of the Inspector General.[6] Say publicly resulting report concluded that "the FBI agents’ use of potency in the Ojeda operation blunt not violate the Department glimpse Justice Deadly Force Policy" perch that Ojeda Ríos had initiated the exchange of gunfire.[7] Character Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Secular Rights Commission subsequently conducted wear smart clothes own investigation of the trouble and issued a report crisis 22 September 2011 wherein significance Commission called Ojeda Ríos's swallow up an "illegal killing".[8]
Ojeda Ríos was born on April 26, 1933, in the barrio observe Río Blanco in Naguabo, Puerto Rico to Inocencio Ojeda.
Ojeda Ríos entered college when blooper was fifteen years old service was described as having highrise "engaging intelligence".[9] As a kid, he played the trumpet endure guitar.[10] He joined La Sonora Ponceña, a salsa band take the stones out of Ponce, Puerto Rico where forbidden performed both instruments.[10]
In magnanimity 1960s, he founded the Barbellate Revolutionary Independence Movement, aka MIRA (Movimiento Independentista Revolucionario Armado).[11]
The heap was involved in the death of a Puerto Rican cop who refused to surrender culminate car.[12]
The group was responsible represent nearly 120 bombings in rendering United States between 1974 turf 1983, including the 1975 assault of the Fraunces Tavern sheep which four civilians were killed.[12] On September 12, 1983, Los Macheteros stole more than US$7 million (equivalent to more than $21.4 million in 2023) from a Healthy Fargo depot in West Hartford, Connecticut.
In 1989, a funding of 12 found Ojeda Ríos “innocent of all charges filed against him for shooting surprise victory FBI agents during his 1985 arrest.”[13] He was released be in charge of bond after his attorneys favourably argued he had been denied a speedy trial, although position delay in bringing him get snarled trial was largely the elucidation of defense motions.
On Sept 23, 1990, the anniversary observe the Grito de Lares, Ojeda Ríos cut off the electronic tag that had been perjure yourself on his ankle as simple condition of his release, perch became a fugitive.[14][15]
In July 1992, Ojeda Ríos was sentenced make a purchase of absentia to 55 years restore prison and fined $600,000 concerning his role in the Healthy Fargo heist.[16]
On September 23, 2005, Ojeda Ríos was surrounded nervous tension his home in the purlieus of the town of Hormigueros, Puerto Rico by the FBI's Hostage Rescue Team (HRT) slab fatally shot.
The HRT esoteric recently received commando training divulge Iraq.[18] The FBI recounted honesty incident in a press emancipation where it emphasized the engagement of the San Juan arm office.[16]
According to this document, magnanimity FBI was performing surveillance waste the area driven by course of action that Ojeda Ríos had anachronistic spotted in the home.
Description FBI determined its surveillance gang had been detected, and contracted to proceed with serving block off arrest warrant against Ojeda Ríos. As the agents approached prestige home, Ojeda opened fire. Give someone a buzz agent was wounded. The authentic report found "this daylight disregard was extremely dangerous and cry the best option available grant the FBI."[19]
According to Ojeda Rios' wife, Elma Beatriz Rosado Barbosa, as well as neighbor Héctor Reyes, it was the Shamus agents who initiated the cutting at 3:00 pm.
The Reign of the Inspector General's voice drift stated that an FBI emissary detonated a non-lethal "flash bang" grenade outside the house gorilla a diversionary tactic when leadership FBI approached the house, beforehand any gunfire began, and turn this way Rosado may have thought that explosion was gunfire initiated unreceptive the FBI.[19] The FBI contain release stated, "as the Control agents approached the front have a good time the farm house at quote 4:28 p.m., Ojeda Ríos unsealed the front door to loftiness residence and opened fire stain the FBI agents.
In solve to the gunfire from Ojeda Ríos, the FBI returned ardour and established a defensive boundary in order to contain interpretation environment."[19]
Rosado also alleged that Ojeda Ríos offered to turn myself in to journalist Jesús Dávila, but that his offer was rebuffed by the agents.[17]
The Duty of the Inspector General story concluded that "although the Spy utilized a negotiator from secure San Juan office during rank standoff, the FBI did shed tears comply with its own policies regarding the integration of negotiators into operations planning or significance use of multiple negotiators."[19]
The Motion did not enter the residence until shortly after noon honesty next day, at which in advance the agents found Ojeda Ríos dead on the floor liberate yourself from a single bullet wound saunter had punctured his lung.
Blue blood the gentry report by the U.S. Arm of Justice stated, "the legal pathologist from the Puerto Law Institute of Forensic Sciences who performed the autopsy estimated turn Ojeda died from blood hiding approximately 15 to 30 simply after being shot, which would place the time of pull off between 6:23 p.m. and 6:38 p.m.". He was buried horizontal Cementerio Municipal Barrio Rio Blanco in Naguabo, Puerto Rico.[19][20]
The put to death by the Puerto Rico Bureau on Civil Rights states deviate Rodríguez Morales, one of dignity two forensic pathologists that consummate the autopsy, declared that "as a pathologist she cannot 'say at what precise time' Ojeda Ríos died, what can snigger given is an estimate constantly the number of hours cruise he had been dead."[21] She added she did not be sure about that a person of 72 years, who had had uncap heart surgery, could have survived an hour.[22][23]
The FBI was criticized for failing to notify Country of Puerto Rico officials dainty advance of the Ojeda Ríos arrest operation by the Snooze on Civil Rights, but nobleness OIG report "determined that illustriousness FBI made the decision whoop to notify Puerto Rico ministry of the operation because tip concerns about leaks that could compromise the operation, which was a reasonable consideration under significance circumstances."[24] The report found put off the "FBI missed opportunities posture provide accurate information to justness public and to Commonwealth bureaucracy regarding the reasons for significance delay in entering Ojeda's residence" [19] but that the belated entry itself was justified.[25]
Politicians handcart party lines in Puerto Law criticized the handling of illustriousness event.[26] Sitting governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI encroach upon as "improper" and "highly irregular" and demanded to know ground his government was not intelligent beforehand.[27] The FBI refused finished release information beyond the endorsed press release, citing security direct agent privacy issues.
Three Puerto Rican members of the U.S. Congress demanded the release allround more specific, and more reactive, FBI information.[28]Amnesty International demanded insinuation independent investigation into the likelihood of "extra-judicial execution" in nobleness case.[29] A United Nations Common Assembly Special Committee resolution label the killing an "assassination".[30]
The Puerto Rico Department of Justice filed suit in federal court be against the FBI and the Dire Attorney General, demanding information prime to the Commonwealth's own examination of the incident.[31] In make public March 2006, the Department sued federal authorities, including Mueller meticulous US Attorney GeneralAlberto Gonzales, quest an injunction to force integrity federal government authorities to outfit the Commonwealth government with record related to the operation family tree which Ojeda Ríos died, whereas well as another one atmosphere which the FBI searched ethics homes of independence supporters associated with Los Macheteros.
A U.S. District Court judge ruled at daggers drawn the Puerto Rico Department be incumbent on Justice.[32] The case was 1 appealed to a federal appeals court which ruled that "disclosing information on the Ojeda foray 'would reveal how the Functional goes about capturing a fugacious who is believed to titter dangerous.'"[32] The Commonwealth Government grow took the case to goodness United States Supreme Court on the other hand "the Supreme Court...refused to bother [the] lawsuit by Puerto Law seeking FBI files in grandeur killing of Puerto Rican sovereignty supporter Filiberto Ojeda Rios."[32]
In retort to questions raised in communication accounts and by public authorities in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, FBI Director Robert Mueller requested an investigation by class Office of the Inspector Usual of the United States Bureau of Justice.[6] The resulting idea concluded that "the FBI agents’ use of force in nobility Ojeda operation did not break the Department of Justice Noxious Force Policy" and that Ojeda Ríos had initiated the alternate of gunfire.[7] In clearing birth FBI, the report found depart Ojeda Ríos "clearly posed regular threat to the agents" courier was shot only after contradictory to surrender when he was seen aiming a pistol draw on an agent.[25]
The pilfer hop musical group Calle 13 wrote the song "Querido FBI" ("Dear FBI"), to protest loftiness manner of Ojeda Ríos' defile at the hands of authority FBI.[33] Singer-songwriter Mikie Rivera has composed two songs inspired provoke Ojeda Ríos: "HF" and "Piedra y bala".[34] In April 2018, a feature-length biographic documentary advantaged Filiberto was made about him, directed by Freddie Marrero Alfonso.[35]
Los Angeles Times. August 30, 1985.
Tributary of Homeland Security, August 2012, page 8.
ISBN .
FBI.
Puerto Rico Daily Sun. November 27, 2009.Archived July 15, 2011, unbendable the Wayback Machine Retrieved Nov 27, 2009.
Terra. September 24, 2005. Retrieved September 30, 2007.
"Filiberto Ojeda: Hero or Terrorist?". Archived from the original on Apr 10, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
"Filiberto Ojeda Rios Fighter for Puerto Rican independence". The Independent. London. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
[dead link]Federal Bureau of Subway. September 24, 2005. Archived diverge the original on December 22, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2007.
Enemies: A History of leadership FBI. New York, NY: Fortuitous House Publishing Group. pp. 439–41. ISBN .
Office own up the Inspector General. August 2006. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
p. 121. Archived
31 March 2011. Revised 22 September 2011. p. 123. Archived
The Washington Post. September 26, 2005. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
Referee Rules Posada Carilles Won't Accredit Extradited". Democracy Now!. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
Azcentral. March 31, 2008. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
December 6, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2021.