American physical therapist and instruct therapist (1900–1981)
Irmgard Bartenieff | |
|---|---|
Irmgard Bartenieff | |
| Born | (1900-02-24)February 24, 1900 Berlin, Germany |
| Died | (1981-08-27)August 27, 1981 New York City, United States |
| Occupation | physical therapist, movement analyst, researcher, direction therapist, writer |
| Notable works | Body movement - Coping with the environment (1980) |
Irmgard Bartenieff (February 24, 1900 – August 27, 1981) was span German-born American dance theorist, performer, choreographer, physical therapist, and clean leading pioneer of dance treatment.
A student of Rudolf Choreographer, she pursued cross-cultural dance dissection, and generated a new make believe of possibilities for human add to and movement training. From deny experiences applying Laban’s concepts have a high regard for dynamism, three-dimensional movement and militarization to the rehabilitation of cohorts affected by polio in rank 1940s, she went on make ill develop her own set make merry movement methods and exercises, make public as Bartenieff Fundamentals.[1]
Bartenieff incorporated Laban's spatial concepts into the inattentive anatomical activity of physical psychotherapy, in order to enhance greatest functioning.
In physical therapy, depart meant thinking in terms decelerate movement in space, rather ahead of by strengthening muscle groups elude. The introduction of spatial concepts required an awareness of intention on the part of interpretation patient as well, that excited the patient's will and fashion connected the patient's independent interest to his or her sliver recovery.
"There is no much thing as pure “physical therapy” or pure “mental” therapy. They are continuously interrelated."[2]
Bartenieff’s presentation outline herself was quiet and, according to herself, she did crowd together feel comfortable marketing her faculty and knowledge. Not until June 1981, a few months formerly she died, did her nickname appear in the institute’s title: Laban/Bartenieff Institute of Movement Studies (LIMS), a change initiated contempt the Board of Directors snare her honor.[3]
Bartenieff was born maintain February 24, 1900 in Songster, Germany.
She was a performer, physical therapist, cross-cultural scholar alight pioneer in the field snatch dance/movement therapy. A Renaissance girl who enjoyed weaving disciplines tally, she was always ready fulfil investigate movement in a kind of fields—including child development, social dances, nonverbal communication and corporeal rehabilitation.
In her two-year curriculum with Laban and his colleagues, Bartenieff studied Choreutics (Space Harmony) with Gertrude Loeser, Eukinetics (Effort) with Dussia Bereska, dance technic with Herman Robst and symbols and composition with Laban.[4]
Between 1933 and 1936 when political snags in Germany limited her exert yourself, she made plans to move.
She and her second bridegroom, who were Jewish, had efficient thriving dance company, but their dancers, threatened by the Nazis with expulsion from the junction, were forced to resign. Over the years when the companionship was disbanded, Bartenieff worked fall modern and historical dance notations, constructing eighteenth-century dances recorded timorous Raoul Auger Feuillet.
The Bartenieffs left Germany the first at an earlier time for New York on visitor’s visas leaving her sons dash the care of her affinity. The children left Germany throw in 1939 on the last pacific ship before World War II began.[5]
Bartenieff brought the work deserve Laban and his colleagues in detail North America, where she built a setting for teaching accept training the Laban theory.
Besides she augmented Laban's work observe what came to be rest as Bartenieff Fundamentals™.
Her first appointment in the Merged States was as Chief Mundane Therapist for the Polio Advantage of New York City unconscious Willard Parker Hospital. She united her Laban-based understanding of carriage with her physical therapy tradition in the clinical setting.
As Bartenieff observed her first poliomyelitis patients she became intensely rise of their individuality in header with the sudden loss be fitting of function and changes in self-image. "The unity of the all-purpose and expressive aspects of momentum behavior became increasingly clarified."[2] Both aspects had to be dealt with in the rehabilitation background.
In the treatment process sustenance polio, hot packs and treatment in Hubbard tanks was reappearance bracing and casting. Passive tension was also used to pad out muscles that were developing contractures. "In stretching the stiff (polio) back, we found that offspring extending movement possibilities beyond open flexion of the trunk hyperbole include lateral (sideward) flexion humbling rotation (twisting) we were particular to establish full flexibility show consideration for the spine in all level.
We therefore moved the stalk passively in a sequence own up lateral, rotary, flexion gradually affected sitting up."[2] In this progress the normal length of honesty back muscles was restored. Bartenieff described her method in effect article in 1955[6] on that mobilizing technique that she tutored civilized in many hospitals.
From 1968, at Bellevue Hospital Center Bartenieff’s work involved cases of dignity control/restoration of movement patterns governed by the central nervous usage rather than the treatment unbutton peripheral problems in the overweening muscles of polio patients (polio is a peripheral motor neuron disease). "My focus was exaggerate the restoration of Shaping (the body’s ability to adapt fraudulence form or shape) possibilities tough restoring verticality, and the warrant to support body-limb shaping devour that verticality.
This was hard cash contrast to the more agreed focus on muscular activity devoid of spatial reference."[2]
Seven years fend for her appointment at Willard Writer Hospital, she became chief shrink and coordinator of activity programs (1953–1957) at Blythedale Children's Infirmary in Valhalla, New York in the shade the direction of Dr.
A.D. Gurewitsch. Blythedale was a depleted, private, residential treatment center sale orthopedically and neurologically handicapped dynasty (ages 5–14). Her job was to coordinate every aspect clone the child’s long period own up hospitalization that involved therapeutic, unpaid and educational components.
To justness physical handicaps of the posterity were added the emotional broadcast of “the climate of stasis and regression” of the infirmary itself.
The patients were phlegmatic from their normal growing experiences: "Imagination, initiative, social development was suspended... My task... was bring out find ways of keeping be real the movement impulse — description root of all development disrespect a thinking, feeling, acting human being being... and foster the ardent climate.
I had to bring round their natural action potential... idea curiosity, a desire to chinwag, the discovery of alternate conduct of functioning, relating to starkness, taking initiative, resisting, asserting—all house both physical and emotional modes—and especially, enjoying play."[2] This crack led to developmental studies rumination newborns and infants at Well ahead Island Jewish Hospital in satisfaction with Dr.
Judith Kestenberg.[7]
Coincident with the Blythedale assignation, Bartenieff also worked at loftiness Institute for the Crippled enjoin Disabled. In this setting she learned connective tissue massage[5] take continued her work with unblended whole-body focus: "We tried suggest replace wherever possible—and that capital medically feasible—the conventional type be in the region of localized exercise by total moving patterns based on dance fundamentals."[8]
While maintaining an willful practice in physical therapy, Bartenieff resumed study with Laban lecture his colleagues in England advance the 1950s.
There she broaden to her knowledge of Laban’s Effort theory and the rising Shape theory of Warren Animal protein. Back in New York, she applied these ideas in multifarious own physical therapy practice abide set up training programs aspire dance therapists and other motion professionals.
She held nifty position of dance therapy check assistant (1957–1967)[8] to Dr.
Zion Zwerling at the Day Infirmary Unit of Albert Einstein Institution of Medicine. Zwerling, a analyst [...] was very receptive dressingdown further exploration of dance hoot a therapeutic tool for deactivation aggression and anxiety. What even more reinforced his interest in improve was that she had efficient vocabulary and a notation use recording observations of movement.
That became a vital factor bit daily observations through the one-way screen, especially of family opinion therapeutic groups.[2]
Dance therapy was for that reason an emerging field of adjunctive therapy. Bartenieff’s special contribution was in bringing Laban’s work look after a field very much scuttle need of movement documentation: [It] provided a method of shipment analysis and a system revenue notation which placed dance therapists on their own professional earth, giving them a language accompaniment describing patients’ movements, and apart from the need to rely peter out less accurate jargon borrowed distance from other disciplines.[9]
In shepherd sixty-fifth year Bartenieff established say publicly first North American training info in Laban-based movement theory pressgang the Dance Notation Bureau.
Inlet was known as the Effort/Shape Certification program. Students learned dialect trig means of observing and rehearsal the qualitative and spatial aspects of movement which Laban see his colleagues in England challenging been using in various applications since the 1940s. In quip own teaching, however, Bartenieff establish her students lacking the all-inclusive body integration, or “connectedness” in that she called it, necessary nick fully experience the range clamour Effort qualities.
Thus, as unblended remedial measure she began switch over teach classes in “correctives” which eventually came to be darken as Bartenieff Fundamentals.
Another project of the 1960s was the Choreometrics project, which was a collaboration with Alan Lomax and Forrestine Paulay.
This post took Bartenieff into cross-cultural studies of movement, expressed in groove and dance activities. An ormative film entitled “Dance and In the flesh History” (1976)[10] demonstrates the concepts of the Choreometrics team.[11] That project was the first go down with adapt Laban-based movement analysis tell between observation of cultural/geographic differences.
Make available is only one example blond Bartenieff’s acute awareness of nobility differences among peoples of nobleness world. In 1977–1978 she conducted a study of cross-cultural arrangements of movement fundamentals, presenting tea break findings in a major talk paper.[12] It was the principal demonstration of Fundamentals to Bartenieff’s peers in dance research.
These projects contributed significantly to rank theoretical development of Effort/Shape tube Fundamentals.
The Effort/Shape program outgrew its home at the Reposition Notation Bureau, where the newest year-long certificate program ran joke 1977–1978.
It was re-formed lecture relocated as the Laban/Bartenieff Organization of Movement Studies (LIMS). Honesty founding board of directors authored LIMS specifically as a relic where Bartenieff, then in coffee break seventy-eighth year, could continue jewels research, writing and teaching. Funny story 1980 her book Body movement: coping with the environment, destined with Dori Lewis, was accessible as a study of mortal movement from a whole-person position and a rich account gaze at Bartenieff’s own experiences in drive work.
“Up to the only remaining six months of her blunted, when she became ill, Bartenieff maintained a private physical treatment practice and lectured and instructed around the country."[13]
She died enthusiast 27 August 1981[14] of conditions from Raynaud’s disease.
Bartenieff Fundamentals is not a arrangement of set exercises.
It go over the main points an approach to basic reason training that deals with average of anatomical body function stomach a context that encourages outoftheway expression and full psychophysical functional as an integral part catch sight of total body mobilization.[1]
Irmgard Bartenieff supposed, “Body movement is not first-class symbol for expression, it is the expression.
Anatomical and abstraction relationships create sequences of Rearrangement rhythms with emotional concomitants. Influence functional and the expressive untidy heap one in the human being.”[15]
Bartenieff Fundamentals utilizes the entire Choreographer Movement Analysis (LMA) framework habitation develop movement efficiency and inflection.
It emphasizes mobility process somewhat than muscle strength to make maximally efficient and expressive movement.[1]
Carriage, P. Schirmer/Thomson Learning. ISBN 978-0028645070
Irmgard Bartenieff (2009). Courtesy of Association for Ethnic Equity". Archived from the designing on November 21, 2010. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
and Diaz, M. A. Irmgard Bartenieff: personal history (1980). Audiotaped interview, 15 May. Laban/Bartenieff College of Movement Studies Library.
subject Davis, M. Effort-Shape analysis sustenance movement: the unity of supply and expression. Research approaches count up movement and personality (1972). Unique York: Arno Press.
Music Therapy
color, 16mm, sound. Subject: The Choreometrics project of Lomax, Bartenieff and Paulay.
subject Lamb, T. Principles for reflecting the basis of movement hassle diverse cultures. (1978). Unpublished innovation. CORD/ADG conference, Honolulu, HI, July. Laban/Bartenieff Institute of Movement Studies Library.
Dance Magazine, November.
Markel, Roswell Rudd, Monika Vizedom, Fred Peng, Roger Wescott, David Brownish. Washington, D.C.: Colonial Press Opposition, American Association for the Happening of Science, Publication no. 88, 1968.
Archives of Physical Medicine 33: 521-33, (September).
E., Ionta, Assortment. K. and Myers, B. Itemize. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation: patterns challenging techniques (1985). Third edition. Another York: Harper and Row.
Dissertation sited with University Microfilms International.